Acid reflux often manifests differently in children and teens compared to adults. While adults might experience heartburn, children typically describe it as having “fire in the belly and throat.” This description, a hallmark of acid reflux, should not be dismissed as a mere stomach ache. Persistent acid reflux can erode tooth enamel, damage the esophagus lining, cause sore throat or laryngitis, interfere with swallowing, and increase the risk for esophageal diseases.
When reflux impacts a child’s ability to enjoy eating, absorb nutrients, and leads to other health problems, it is termed Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). While occasional reflux is common, GERD is more serious, affecting up to 84% of children aged 2-17 and around 40% of infants..
Symptoms of Acid Reflux and GERD in Kids
Reflux in children comes with a variety of symptoms, not all of which will be present in every case.
Irritation and Pain
One of the most recognizable symptoms is intense irritation or burning pain in the lower mid-chest or behind the breastbone. This can be distressing for children and may be mistaken for heart-related issues. The discomfort often occurs after meals or when lying down, making it difficult for children to sleep. Parents might notice their children becoming more irritable or avoiding activities they previously enjoyed due to the pain. If your child frequently complains of this type of discomfort, it’s important to take it seriously and consult a healthcare professional to rule out other potential issues and address the reflux appropriately.
Stomach Ache
Children with acid reflux often complain of stomach aches. This discomfort is usually due to the acid irritating the stomach lining, leading to pain that can vary in intensity. The pain might be sporadic or constant, affecting their appetite and overall mood. Some children might also experience bloating or a feeling of fullness, which can further contribute to their discomfort. If your child frequently reports stomach aches, it’s important to monitor their symptoms and consult with a healthcare provider to determine if acid reflux is the underlying cause.
Bad Breath
Bad breath is another common symptom. The stomach acids that come up the esophagus can cause a persistent foul odor in the mouth. This can be embarrassing for children and might affect their confidence and social interactions. In some cases, it can also be accompanied by a sour or metallic taste in the mouth. If bad breath is persistent, it’s essential to consider acid reflux as a potential cause and seek appropriate treatment.
Nausea and Vomiting
Many children with reflux experience nausea or even vomiting. This is particularly problematic as it can lead to dehydration and weight loss if persistent. Frequent vomiting can also cause damage to the esophagus and teeth due to the acidic content. Additionally, persistent nausea can make it difficult for children to maintain a healthy appetite, further impacting their nutritional intake and growth. If your child frequently feels nauseous or vomits, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider to address these symptoms and prevent long-term complications.
Swallowing Issues
Problems swallowing or painful swallowing (dysphagia) can also occur. This symptom can be particularly troubling as it can affect a child’s willingness to eat, leading to nutritional deficiencies. The discomfort may cause anxiety around meal times, further discouraging proper eating habits. Persistent dysphagia can also result in weight loss and inadequate growth, making it essential to address this symptom promptly. If your child struggles with swallowing, seek medical advice to determine the cause and appropriate treatment to ensure they receive adequate nutrition.
What Causes Acid Reflux and GERD in Kids?
Several factors can contribute to reflux and GERD in children. Understanding these causes is crucial for effective treatment and management.
Can Medications Cause Acid Reflux in Kids?
Certain medications, such as antibiotics, can contribute to acid reflux. These drugs can irritate the stomach lining or relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to escape the stomach. Other medications, like asthma treatments or anti-inflammatory drugs, can also exacerbate reflux symptoms. It’s essential for parents to be aware of these potential side effects and discuss alternative treatments or preventive measures with their healthcare provider. If medication-induced reflux is suspected, a healthcare professional might suggest dietary adjustments or additional medications to protect the stomach lining and reduce acid production.
Weight and Obesity
Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor. Excess weight can put pressure on the stomach, causing acid to back up into the esophagus. According to a study published in Pediatrics, there is a clear link between obesity and the prevalence of GERD in children.. Encouraging healthy eating habits and regular physical activity can help manage weight and reduce reflux symptoms. Additionally, a balanced diet low in acidic and fatty foods can prevent reflux. Working with a pediatrician or dietitian can provide personalized strategies to support weight management and overall digestive health.
Food Sensitivities and Allergies
Food sensitivities or allergies can also play a role. Foods that are spicy, fatty, or acidic can trigger reflux symptoms in sensitive individuals. Identifying and eliminating these trigger foods can significantly alleviate symptoms. Common culprits include citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, and carbonated drinks. Keeping a food diary can help pinpoint which foods cause problems. Consulting with an allergist or a nutritionist can provide further insights and testing options to identify specific food sensitivities or allergies, allowing for a tailored diet plan that minimizes reflux occurrences.
Stress Can Cause Acid Reflux, Even in Children
Stress is another contributing factor. It can affect digestion and increase stomach acid production, leading to reflux. A study in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition found that children with higher stress levels were more likely to experience GERD symptoms. Techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, and regular physical activity can help manage stress levels. Encouraging open communication about worries and teaching children coping mechanisms can also be beneficial. In some cases, professional counseling might be recommended to help children develop effective stress management strategies, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of reflux symptoms.
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
Musculoskeletal abnormalities, such as a hiatal hernia, can also cause reflux. These structural issues can prevent the proper functioning of the esophageal sphincter.
Lack of Exercise
A sedentary lifestyle can exacerbate reflux symptoms. Physical activity helps regulate digestion and maintain a healthy weight, both of which are crucial in managing reflux.
Poor Diet
A diet high in processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats can contribute to acid reflux. These foods can increase stomach acid production and relax the esophageal sphincter, making it easier for acid to escape. Consult with a child nutritionist, or engage a professional in naturopathic medicine in Singapore if you would like help with creating a suitable diet for your child.
Poor Gut Health and Infections
Poor gut health and infections such as H. pylori can also be culprits. H. pylori is a bacterium that can cause stomach ulcers and increase acid production, leading to reflux.
How To Treat Acid Reflux and GERD in Kids
Common treatments for adults, such as proton-pump inhibitors and antacids, often only mask symptoms and provide short-term relief. For children, these medications can lead to long-term digestive issues since they don’t address the root cause.
To effectively manage GERD, it’s essential to identify and address the underlying causes. We encourage you to reach out to a functional medicine doctor in Singapore for more information, but here is a starter guide for treating reflux.
Testing for Food Sensitivities
Identifying and eliminating trigger foods can significantly reduce symptoms. An elimination diet supervised by a healthcare professional can help pinpoint problematic foods.
Assessing Stomach Acid Production
Evaluating stomach acid production is crucial. Contrary to popular belief, GERD can sometimes be caused by low stomach acid rather than excess acid. A holistic physician can perform tests to determine the correct diagnosis.
Evaluating Diet and Lifestyle Habits
A comprehensive assessment of diet and lifestyle habits can reveal factors contributing to reflux. This includes looking at meal timings, portion sizes, and food choices.
Holistic and Naturopathic Approaches
A naturopathic or holistic physician might also look for gut imbalances and infections. Treatment strategies may include:
Nutritional Supplements and Herbal Remedies
Supplements such as probiotics, digestive enzymes, and herbs like ginger and licorice root can support digestion and reduce reflux symptoms. These natural remedies can help balance stomach acid and promote healthy gut function.
Dietary Changes
Implementing dietary changes is fundamental. This might include incorporating more fiber-rich foods, reducing intake of trigger foods, and ensuring balanced meals. A dietitian can provide tailored advice based on your child’s specific needs.
Exercise Recommendations
Encouraging regular physical activity is beneficial. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight, improves digestion, and reduces stress, all of which can alleviate reflux symptoms.
Stress Management For Kids
Stress management plays a crucial role in helping children suffering from GERD. High stress levels can increase stomach acid production and worsen reflux symptoms. Teaching stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and yoga, can significantly alleviate these issues. These practices help children learn how to relax and reduce their body’s stress response. Additionally, lifestyle changes that lead to less stress, like ensuring regular physical activity, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and promoting a balanced diet, can further reduce GERD symptoms. Encouraging open communication about stressors and providing a supportive environment also contribute to better stress management. Implementing these strategies can improve a child’s overall well-being and decrease the frequency and severity of GERD episodes.
Physical Medicine Modalities
Physical therapies, such as abdominal massage, can support digestion and reduce reflux symptoms. These therapies can help stimulate digestive function and improve overall gut health. Abdominal massage can enhance blood flow to the digestive organs, promote the movement of food through the digestive tract, and relieve tension in the abdominal muscles. Regular sessions can also help alleviate bloating and discomfort, making it a beneficial addition to GERD management.
Conclusion
Acid reflux and GERD can significantly impact a child’s quality of life, but with a holistic approach, it’s possible to manage and mitigate these conditions effectively. By addressing the root causes and making necessary lifestyle adjustments, parents can help their children achieve better digestive health and overall well-being. Always consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action tailored to your child’s specific needs. With the right strategies, children can enjoy eating without discomfort and grow up with healthier digestive systems.Dr. Radhika Kamat helps children and adults in Singapore with homeopathic medicine and other disciplines, and she has a tremendous amount of experience with acne and eczema, hormonal imbalances, and much more. Schedule a consultation today.
References
Mayo Clinic Online. GERD. Accessed 8 Aug 2019: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/definition/con-20025201
NIH.gov Health Statistics: Digestive diseases statistics for the United States. (2014). niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/digestive-diseases
National Institutes of Health: “Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD in Children & Teens.” Accessed 8 Aug 2019: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-children-teens/symptoms-causes
Patrick, L., “Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A review of conventional and alternative treatments.” Alternative Medicine Review, 16(2), 116-133. (2011). Retrieved 8 Aug 2019: http://altmedrev.com/publications/16/2/116.pdf
Ginger. (2012, April). Retrieved 8 Aug 2019: from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger
Kandil T. S., Mousa, A. A., et al., “The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in gastro-esophageal reflux disease [Abstract].” BMC Gastroenterology (2010 January 18):10(7). Retrieved 7 Aug 2019: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20082715
Lukic, M., Segec, A., et a.l., “The impact of vitamins A, C, and E in the prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma [Abstract].” Collegium Anthropologicum, (2012) 36(3), 867-872. Retrieved 7 Aug 2019: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23213946
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